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废话不多说,今天我们讨论的问题,是经典的多项式末端走势的判别方法,即所谓End Behavior。 这个知识点,涉及到多项函数式的图像走势的判定,也是AP微积分内容中,关于高阶函数图像画法的一个重要知识点,对同学们数形结合的考察比较到位,值得我们深入探索。
首先回顾下教材中关于End Behavior的定义:
End Behavior:
The appearance of a graph as it is followed farther and farther in either direction. For polynomials, the end behavior is indicated by drawing the positions of the arms of the graph, which may be pointed up or down. Other graphs may also have end behavior indicated in terms of the arms, or in terms of asymptotes or limits.
由上面的定义可知,所谓End Behavior, 是指随着x变量趋向正负无穷的时候,多项式函数图像开口朝向/走势的判别。与此类似,就是所谓渐近线和极限的概念:
那么,我们先从多项式(Polynomial)的定义入手
Polynomial
The sumor differenceof termswhich have variablesraised to positiveintegerpowersand which have coefficientsthat may be realor complex.
Standard form for a polynomial in one variable:
anxn + an–1xn–1 + ··· + a2x2 + a1x + a0
我们的总结如下:
Polynomial End Behavior::
1. If the degree n of a polynomial is even, then the arms of the graph are either both up or both down.
2. If the degree n is odd, then one arm of the graph is up and one is down.
3. If the leading coefficient an is positive, the right arm of the graph is up.
4. If the leading coefficient an is negative, the right arm of the graph is down.
即,首先判断最高阶阶数n的奇偶性
- 若n为偶数,则图像两端开口一致:
当n为偶数时,再判断最高阶系数an的正负情况:若an为正数,则两端开口朝上;若an为负数,则两端开口朝下;
- 若n为奇数,则图像两端开口不一致(相反):
n为奇数时:若an为正数,则两端开口左下右上;若an为负数,则两端开口左上右下。
以上,就是关于高阶函数图像两端走势的判定方法。
这个知识点,已经下放到SAT1的考试中,并且贯穿SAT/AP的学习之中,希望同学们能够利用这两个视频的讲解,融会贯通到数形结合的知识体系中去。
Practice for ToDay
君子曰:学不可以已。同学们可以运用今天所学习的方法,完成下面题目:

Sketch the graph of:



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